Thematic hub · 50 connected resources

Research: understand before you decide.

Investigate experiences, practices, and operations to gather evidence that helps you decide what to do—and why.

The central idea

Research starts with a question.

Choosing a method is not a substitute for defining what we do not yet know. This hub connects research questions with ways to observe and analyze services—and with the limits of the evidence they produce.

Level 01 · Essentials

Start with the question

Three readings to help you frame useful questions, assess evidence, and recognize the limits of service research.

Level 02 · Practice

Related methods

Choose a method based on the question you need to answer and what you still need to learn.

01

In-depth interviews

A long, open-ended one-to-one conversation conducted in the participant’s own setting, such as their home or workplace.

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02

Paired customer interviews

An in-depth interview with two people who know each other well, such as partners or friends, using the same open-ended guide.

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03

B2B interviews

One-to-one interviews with business customers, suppliers, experts, or the client’s stakeholders.

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04

Participant observation (shadowing)

Spend several hours or a day alongside someone in their natural setting, observing what they do.

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05

Participation (becoming the user)

The researcher or client takes on the user’s role: acting as a mystery shopper, working as a new employee, or simulating a user’s circumstances when they cannot experience them directly.

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06

Service safaris

Participants—often members of the client team—experience other services for several hours or a day, alone or in groups, without the design team accompanying them.

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07

User workshops

A group session with users in a co-creation format, used as an alternative to a focus group.

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08

Cultural probes

A set of tasks participants complete during a session or on their own afterward, generating insights with minimal researcher influence.

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09

Co-creation

A session in which community members, partners, and the team work together to design a possible solution.

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10

Gather feedback

Put an idea or prototype in front of the right people and turn their responses into the next learning steps.

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Watch

Video thumbnail: Outer layer research philosophy

Playlist · 13 videos

Research

Research principles and practices for framing better questions, gathering evidence, and making more considered decisions.

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Video thumbnail: Qualitative Analysis: Coding and Categorizing Data by Philip Adu, Ph.D.

Playlist · 7 videos

Qualitative analysis

Ways to code, categorize, and interpret qualitative material with rigor and traceability.

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Video thumbnail: Introduction to Quantitative Data Analysis

Playlist · 11 videos

Quantitative analysis

Concepts and techniques for interpreting quantitative data without losing sight of the question or decision context.

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Books to broaden your research toolkit

Book cover: Service Design: 250 Essential Methods

Intermediate

Service Design: 250 Essential Methods

Robert Curedale

A wide-ranging collection of methods for research, ideation, prototyping, and implementation. It works better as a reference than as a linear read, helping readers who know the basic process broaden their toolkit.

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Evidence helps you decide what to do next.

State what you still need to find out, choose a way to investigate, and use what you learn to revisit your service decisions.

Continue with Hypotheses

35 related publications

References for further study

Browse the reference library →